Radio receiving apparatus



May 10, 1927.

M. WALLACE RADIO RECEIVING APPARATUS Filed April 27. 1925 2 ShBBtS-Sheet 1 May 10 ,y 1927.

M. WALLACE RADIO RECEIVING APPARATUS Filed April 27, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Cab Patented May 1o, 1927.

l UNITED STATES PATENT oFFICE.

MARCEL WALLACE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO ELECTRO-LABORATORIES, INC.,

OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.v

RADIO RECEIVING APPARATUS.

Application led April 27, 1925. Serial No. 26,207.

My invention relates broadly to radio receiving apparatus and more particularly to a complete radio receiver arranged to derive its power from the usual house lighting circuit without the employment of primary or secondary batteries.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a complete self-contained radio re-v ceiving set which may be operated from the lighting circuit employing either a standard source of direct current. or alternating current without change in the circuits of the electron tubes in thc receiving apparatus.l

Another object ot' my invention is to prof vide a radio receiving set employing electron tube amplification which may be operated from a source of energy derived from a standard house lighting circuit without the employment of a step up transformer with the use of a chemical rectifier arranged to be interposed between the radio receiving ap paratus and the line where the apparatus is operated from alternating' current with taps for operating the radio receiving ap-4 paratus independent of the chemical rectitier when the available source of power sup ply is direct current.

Still another object of my invention is to provide a circuit arrangement for a. plurality ot' electron tubes by which all of the cathode and anode circuits may be supplied with a steady source of direct current d erived from a house lighting circuit without interference arising from fluctuations in the power supply for the elimination of all trace of hum in the radio receiving circuits.

Still another' object of my invention is to provide a circuit arrangement in a radio receiving apparatus in which a plurality of tubes have their anode and cathode circuits all supplied from the same series circuit across which is impressed direct current energy properly smoothed out to eliminate noises arising from fluctuations existing in the current supply.

Still another object of my inventionis to provide a series of resistances disposed in various parte of an electron tube receiving circuit, t e resistances being distributed with respect to the cathode and anode circuits of the several electron'tubes and tapped in connection with the tube electrodes for deriving the desired operating potential from'the several resistances due to drop in voltage along the resistances, the resistances being connectedv in a series circuit and supplied from a common source of direct current energy.

A still further object of my invention is (provide a radio receiving system operate l from the house lighting circuit in which the drop along a plurality of resistances disposed in series may be utilized for energizing the cathode and anode circuits for the several tubesland also for establishing the proper grid potential for the several tubes lwithout the employment of separate sources of potential for biasing the grid electrodes in the several tubes.

My invention will be more clearly understood from the following specificationvby reference to the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a wiring diagram illustrating the principle of my invention; and Figs.2 and 3 are modifie-d arrangements of the catho-de circuits employed in my receiver design. i

In constructing radio receiving apparatus for operating from the house lighting circuit, I have found that in order` to meet local conditions in different cities throughoutfthe country it is desirable that the receiving' yapparatus be designed to operate both from an alternating current power supply and a direct current power supply by reason of' the different characteristics of the power supply available, in diiierent localities. I have also discovered that it is undesirable to utilize a step-up transformer mounted within the same cabinet which contains the radio receiving apparatus as it is normally vso close tothe sensitive electron tube circuits that an undesirable hum is produced -in thereceiving circuits vinterfernum type ofrectfier operates particularly well. This rectifier may -be connected d1- rectly in the line without the necesslty of a.

step up transformer where 110 volts is available. v.Although half-wave rectified current may be utilized for eiii'cientoperation of the radio receiving circuits, I prefer-to employ the Gratz arrangement -of rectlfier cells which gives a fullwavc rectified currentl mersed in a convenient electrolyte, as for.

example, borax, sodium or ammonium phosphate. The cells are connected'with reversed polarity, as will be more fullyl hereinafter, in such manner t at the alternating current energy may be impressed 4across one part of the circuit and direct current delivered at another part of the circuit. By this arrangement, I am enabled to secure a direct current voltage of approximately 90-95 volts across one part of the rectifier circuit, depending largely upon the efliciency of the chemical rectifier when 110 volts is employed from the line system. By shunting a large capacity across the output circuit of the chemical rectifier, I am lable to obtain a much larger voltage approximately 124-125 volts. At the same time the amount of alternating current which enters the rectifier is considerably increased. The reason for this boosting up of the voltage is this: The rectifier current is fluctuating and it has a high negative component, or to put it differently, it can be analyzed into two components: one of which is a direct, non-fluctuating current, and the other is an alternating current. -This latter component finds an easy path through the large capacit-y condenser and returns to the mains leaving only the direct current component, which being free from negative fluctuations, almost a straight line, will register a higher voltage on the direct current instrument. This current has practically the same characteristic as a direct current as `generally obtained from power houses, but for my purpose this current must still be smoothed out in order to perfectly eliminate all trace of hum in the sensitive electron tube circuits.

After the direct current energy has been boosted to a relatively high value, I impress this energy upon a filter circuit consisting of one or several coils having iron cores which are paths of high impedances for alternating current components, and condensers of relatively large capacity which permit the alternating current components to return in the circuit and prevent such components from passing to the receiving apparatus. The arrangement of the condensers and high impedances in the filler circuit permits the alternating current components of pointed outv i the energy to be by-passed while the direct current componentsof the ener are passed forward through the choke coi s, according to the ohmic resistance encountered, but by using the proper size wlre it can be so arranged that at the end of this filter the current should have the proper voltage which is approximately 90 volts. i

' The direct current energy is applied to ai 1n order to obtain the proper voltages neces` sary in the various parts of the electron tube circuits. The drop along the series of resistances is-employed in securing the proper operating potential lfor the several tubes. The resistances in the series circuit serve not only to secure a sufficient drop in the direct current voltage for supplying each of the cathode and anode circuits of the receiving apparatus, but also to obtain the necessary bias potential for the grids of the various tubes. The arrangement of the resistances in the series circuit is such that an accurate selection of the anode voltage and the grid biasing potential may be obtained for each tube in the receiving circuit Aand the correct cathode heating energy may be impressed upon ea'ch of the tubes for operating the tube at precisely the proper point on the characteristic curves thereof. In this manner I am enabled to obtain high operating eiciency in the receiving system and at the same time secure a high degree of convenience in operation of the receiving apparatus.

' Referrin more particularly to the wiring diagram, te invention has been illustrated in connection with a three stage radio frequency amplifierl consisting of electron tubes 1, 2, and 3, detector 4, and audio frequency amplifier tubes 5 and 6. The receiving apparatus is connected to an antenna ground system represented by reference characters 7 and 8, including in series there- With a primary coupling 'coil 10, to which is coupled the secondary Winding 12. The input circuit is tuned by condenser 14 and connected across the input terminals of electron tube 1. The electron tubes in the system contain the usual electrodes as represented at tube 1 as including cathode element 1, the control electrode 1" and anode 1. The output circuit of electron tube 1 includes a primary Winding 15 of couplingtransformer 16 which is inductively related to secondary winding 17 tuned by variably tuned condenser 18, the circuit operating to impress amplified radio frequency energy upon the second stage of radio frequency lll amplification whicl'includes electron tube .2. The output circuit.' of electron tn be 2 conftains primary windiulg 19 of couplmgtransformer 20 which elivers the4 am lified energy' to secondary winding 21 whic may or may not be selectively tuned. The amplified energy is impressed upon tube constituting the third stage of radio frequency amplification from wlnch energy is delivered to primary winding 22 of coupling transformer 23 to the secondarywlndmg 24. The energy in secondary wlndmg 24 is impressed u on the detector tube 4 which includes gri leak and grid condenser 25 in the input circuit thereof. Energy 1s delivered by the detector tube 4 to the primary winding 26 of the audio frequency transformer 27, the secondary winding 28 of which connects to the input circuit of the audio frequency amplifier constitutedeby tubes 5 and 6 and intermediate coupling transformer 29. A suitable responsive device 30 has been indicated in the output circuit of the radio receiving apparatus. The power for energizinnr the anode circuits, heating the cathodes and placing the proper biasing (potential on the grid electrodes is supplie by a connection to the line wire power supply system through leads 31s which conneet to the four rectifying cells 32, 33, 34 and 35 arranged in reverse relationship as illustrated in the diagram. Each rectifying cell may be composed of one aluminum electrode designated by reference character 34* of cell 34 and one iron or `lead electrode designated by reference character 34" or platinum immersed in a convenient electrolyte, as for example, borax, sodium or ammonium phosphate, as hereinbefore referred to. Direct current is delivered at terminal 36 which is positive and terminal 37 which is negative. A condenser 38 of relatively large capacity is shunted across the terminals 36 and 37 increasing the voltage delivered to the/radio receivin described. The lter system includes the iron core coils 39 and 40 and condensers 41 and 42 of relativelylarge capacity which by-pass alternating current com onents and prevent the delivery of these un esired components to the circuits associated with the radio receiving apparatus. The series circuit by which power is supplied tothe electron tubes in the radio receiving circuit constitutes a resistance path 43 which is tapped at various points 44,' 45 and 46 for the supply of a proper voltage to the anode circuits of the several tubes. The series circuit includes the cathodes of one or more of the tubes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, with a return connection through the control rheostat 47 vtothe negative terminal 48 of the filter system. There is a drofp in voltage from the positive terminal49 o the filter circuit to point 50 in the series circuit due to the resistance 43 apparatus as heretofore biased, by potential derived froma tap which is variable according to the currentv consumption in the number Aof cathodes of the tubes included in the series circuit. The

arran Aement of the taps 44, and 46 is such that t e anode potential may be selected for the several tubes to a fine degree and an accurate voltage value impressed upon the :modes of these tubes, that is a relatively high voltage for the audio frequency ampllfication tubes 5 and 6, af lower voltage for the radio frequenc amplification tubes 1, 2 and 3, and afstill lower volta e for the detector tube-4. The cathodes of t e several tubes, being connected in series, provide a progressive drop in voltage along the series, such that points 51, 52, 53, 54, and 56 may be tapped`along the series circuit for the obtainmg of a roper grid bias for the various tubes. Ad itional series resistances ma be shunted across some or all of the cat ode resistances of the several tubes and taps taken from such resistances to secure an accurate value of grid biasing potential. I 4have represented these resista-aces by reference characters 61, 62, 63, 64', 65, and 66 as connected in series and shunted across the cathodes of tubes 1, 2, 3, 4,5 and 6 respectively. These resistances serve a double purpose, one function being to secure a proper grid bias for the various tubes of the system and theother purpose is to by-pass t e current so as to protect the cathodes from excessive current. anode current of every tube is added to the cathode current of each succeeding tube and as the cathodes are relatively fragile and very susceptible to harm from excessive currents I provide proper resistances across the .terminals of the cathodes, which resistances decrease from tubeto tube in proportion as the amount of current which must be bypassed increases from' tube to tube. In order to secure a. high degree of negative potential -for biasing the grid of the last tube 6 an additional resistance 67 is provided in' .the circuit as shown and al tap taken from the It will be seen that the point 68 to the grid of the adjacentl tube 5 immediately precedingl the last tube of the system. This method of biasing is followed generally for the other tubes in the system.

That is to say, atap 69 is taken from rei sistance 62 for biasing the grid of tube 1 im-l mediately preceding 'the tube 2 having its cathode shunted by resistance 62. This is followed by biasing the grid of tube 2 by deriving the negative potential from a tap 7 0 on resistance 63, in shuntwith the cathode of tube 3.' Similarly, the grid of tube 3 is 71 on resistance 64' in shunt with the cathode of tube 4. The grid of the detector tube 4 is operated at a positive potential by a tap taken to the negative terminal 48 of the filter systemy in series with condenser 72. In other words,` the negative biasing potencharacteristics of the tubes for operating the amplification system at maximum eiciency. Where the energy supply is direct current rather than alternating current, asis the case n many parts of the United States, the direct currentmay be introduced at terminals 73 and 74 in the rectifier circuit without change in the radio receiving system. It is necessary however to make sure that the positive and negative terminals are properly connected in order that the apparatus may function. In the event that electrolytic condensers are used in the filter system an error in properly connecting to the current mains would cause a short circuit and damage to the line. On account of this, I prefer to use the same arrangement of rectlfying cells for the direct current supply'and to use the same input terminals as the ones used in connection with alternating current. It can be seen that in this case it makes no difference how these terminals are connected. They can be reversed but the direction of the current which comes out through 36 and 37 is always the same; 36 being always negative and 37 a1- ways positive. It will, therefore, be seen that the arrangement of the electrolytic cells may remain the same for both direct current and alternating current supply for the purpose of securing proper direction of' the current in the circuit.

I find that in many instances it is quite practical to leave out the first resistance 61 and even the second and the third resistances when the tubes used are of a low voltage characteristic such as possessed by the WD 11 or 199 tubes. When this is done the proper grid bias may be obtained as from point 68 for example. As illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 the resistances 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 and 66 of the proper ohmage may be conynected between the negative terminal of a tube and any point which is more .negative in value. The cathodes l, 2, 3a, 4", 5, and

6a are connected in series, while resistances 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 and 66 in Fig. 2 are arranged in shunt and series relationship with respect thereto. In Fig. 3, I have shown a circuit connection wherein the resistances 61, 62, 63 and 64 may be arranged in shunt with one or more of the cathodes 2a, 3, 4a, 5'Il and 6a for obtaining the proper grid bias.V

It will be observed that the radio receiving system which I have described does not require a step up transformer which ordinarily introduces alarge degree of hum in the sensitive amplification circuits, interferingwith the reproduction of the incoming signaling currents. My apparatus has been found very successful, convenient and eicient in operation.

While I have shown the lament electrodes of each of the tubes connected succ essivel in the rawing, I desire it to be understood that the sequence of the laments ma be varied, as for example, the laments o the audio frequency am lier tubes may be connected before 'the lament of the detector tube whereby these filaments-are operated at more positive potentials thus enablin me to secure lmore negative bias on the gri s of the audio frequency amplifyin tubes without the use of the resistance suc as #67. In changing the order or sequence of connection of the filaments, the resistance #67 may be omitted.- Any desired order or sequence of the filaments may be employed in order to obtain proper grld biases. In the claims I have pointed out that the chemical means which serve to obtain unidirectional current for the circuits of the electron tubes operates inde endentl of the character of the power supp y. By the character of the supply I mean whether the supply is of a direct or alternating current nature, and if alternating current, the freuency thereof is referred to as one of the 'c aracteristics of the supply. The said radio receiving apparatus is universal and operates on either alternating current or direct current without modification. That is to say the receivin apparatus operates on a su ply system whic maybe direct as well as alterhating.

While I have described my invention in a certain particular embodiment, I desire that it be understood that modifications may be made and that I intend no limitations upon the invention other than thoseimposed by the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim and desire to secure b Letters Patent of the United States is as fo =ows:

1. Radio receiving ap aratus comprisin in combination an ampli cation system, an .a detector, including a plurality of electron tubes each having a cathode, grid and an anode, power'su ply means for said electron tubes, a power dlstribution circuit connected across said power supply means, and chemical means operatingindependently of the character of said power supply means for obtaining uni-directional current and means for energizin all of said cathodes and anodes of said electron tubes from said power distribution circuit.

2. Radio receiving a paratuscomprising in combination a lura ty of electron tubes, one of said tubes ing arranged to function as a detector and others of said tubes being in series in the order represented IDI `circuits interlinking said electrodes, a common source of power for said electron electrolytic tubes, means for obtaining uni-directional current from said source, a-power distribution circuit connected to said common source of power, said power distribution circuit including a series connection of said cathodes, and connections from said anodes to points along said power distribution circuit for deriving a proper operating potential for said anodes from said common source of power, said circuits operating from direct as well as an alternating current source.

4. Radio receiving apparatus comprising in combination a plurality of electron tubes each having a cathode, an anode, and a grid, an input circuit for each of said tubes 1ncluding the cathode and grid of each tube, an output circuit for each tube including the anode and cathode thereof, with the output circuit of one of said tubes interlinked with the input circuit of a succeeding tube, a power supply system for said electron tubes, means for obtaining uni-directional current from said power supply system, connections with said means including a power distribution circuit constituted in part by said cathodes, and connections from points in said power distribution circuit to each of said anodes and grids for operating said tubes at a proper working potential, said circuits operating from direct as well as an alternating current source.

'5. Radio receivingl apparatus comprising in combination a plurality of electron tubes each having a cathode, an anode and a grid, an input circuit for each tube including the cathode and grid thereof, an output circuit for each tube including the anode and cathode thereof, means interlinking the outputcircuit ofone tube with the input circuit of a succeeding tube, a power supply system, an electrolytic rectifier connected with said system for energizing said electron tubes said system including a power distribution circuit constituted -in part by said cathodes, and connections along said power distribution circuit for usefully employing the .drop along said circuit for deriving a pro r working potential for each of said y an es and grids, saidpower supply being direct as well as alternating current..

- 6. In a radio receiving apparatus for universal operation from direct as well as alternating current power supply systems the combination of a plurality of electron tubes each having cathode, anode and grid electrodes, input and output circuits interconnecting said electrodes, with the output circuit o one of said tubes coupled with the input circuit of a' succeeding tube, a source of current, a chemical rectifier connected with said source, and connections between `said chemical rectifier and the circuits of said electron tubes for supplying uni-directional'current to said electron tubes independently of the character of said source.

7. A radio vreceiving apparatus for universal operation from direct as well as an alternating current power supply comprismg in combination a plurality of electron tubes each having grid, filament and plate electrodes, input and `output circuits interconnecting said electrodes, with the output circuit of one of said tubes coupled with the input circuit ot' a succeeding electron tube, a source of current, electrolytic means for obtaining uni-direction-al current from said source, and connections between said chem ical means and the circuits of said electron tubes for supplying said uni-directional current to said electron tubes independently of the character of said source.

8. In a radio receiving apparatus the combination of a plurality of electron tubes each having a cathode, an anode, and a grid, re-

sistance elements shunting said cathodes, a

seriesl' circuit including said cathodes and a resistance, a source of, current which may be direct as well as alternating, means for obtaining "pni-directional current, means for smoothing out the uni-directional current and applying said current to said series circuit, connections fromfsaid anodes to points along said resistance and separate connec-y tions betweeiipsaid grids and variable points along said resistance elements, whereby unidirectional current may be applied to said cathodes, anodes and grids vfor operating said tubes at the proper points on the characteristic curves thereof.

9. In a radio receiving apparatus for universal operation on direct as well as an alternating current power supply the combination of a plurality of electron tubes each having a cathode, an anode, and a rid, a series-circuit including saidy catho es and a resistance, a source of alternating current, a chemical rectifier for deriving uni-directional current from said source, meansfor increasing the effective voltage of the rectified energy when alternating current is applied, additional means for Smoothing out the rectified i series circuit, and connections between points alon said resistance and said anodes whereby the proper potential may be applied to said anodes or operating said electron tubes at the proper points on their characteristic curves. l

10. In a radio receiving apparatus for operation from direct as well as alternating current power supply the combination of a plurality of electron tubes each .having a cathode, anv anode, and a grid, a series circuit includin said cathodes and a resistance, a .source ot current, means :l'or deriving a unidirectional current from said source, means for increasing the effective voltage of the energy thus developed when alternating current 1s supplied, means -for smoothing out the rectified energy and applying said energy across said series circuit and adjustable connections along said resistance for said anodes whereby the proper potential may be applied to each of said electron tubes for operating said tubes at the proper points on the characteristic curves thereof independently of the character of said source.

11. In a radio receiving apparatus for universal operation on direct as well as alternating current power supply the combination of a plurality of electron tubes each having a cathode, an anode, and a grid, of a series circuit including said cathodes and a resistance, a power supply circuit adapted to be connected to a source of alternating as well as direct current for supplying uni-directional current to said series circuit, means interposed between said power supply circuit and said series circuit for smoothing out the uni-directional current delivered to said series circuit, and means connected to various points along said resistance for deriving direct current po ential for each of said anodes and grids, wh eby said electron tubes may be operated at a proper point on the characteristic curves thereof independently of the character of said power supply.

12. In a radio receiving apparatus for universal operation from direct as well as alternating current, the combination of a lplurality of electron tubes each having a cathode, an anode, and .a grid, a series circuit including said cathodes and a resistance, a plurality of independent resistances connected in shunt with one or more of said cathodes, means for deriving negative bias from said resistances for the grid of a preceding one of said electron tubes in the series, a power supply system connected to said series circuit, and connections from said anodes to points alon said first mentioned resistance whereby t e proper operating potential may be impressed upon each of said electron tubes independently of the character of said power supply system.

13. A radlo receiving apparatus for universal operationen direct as well as alternating current power supply comprising in combination a plurality of electron tubes each having grid, filamentand plate electrodes, input and output circuits interconnecting said electrodes, with the output circuit of one of said vtubes coupled with the input circuit of a succeeding electron tube, a source of current, chemical means for obtaining uni-directional current from said source, means connected in shunt with said chemical means for boosting the voltage ot the direct current component of the output of said chemical means when an alternating current-source is connected therewith, and connections between said separate means and the circuits of Said electron tubes for supplying vuni-directional current to said said electron tubes independently of the character of said source.

14. In a radio receiving apparatus for uni vci'sal operation from direct as well as'alternating current power supply the combination of a plurality of electron tubes each having a cathode, an anode and a grid, a series circuit including said cathodes and a resistance, connections from said resistance to said anodes. a uni-directional current supply system connected across said series circuit, chemical means for delivering uni-directional current to said series circuit independently of the character of said power supply, independent resistances connected in shunt with one or more of said cathodes, said resistances decreasing in value from tube to tube in proportion as the amount of current which must be by-passed increases rom tube to tube, and means for deriving a, negative biasing potential for the grid of a preceding one of said tubes either from the resistance shunting thc cathode of the nextsucceeding tube in the series, or directly from the connection between the cathodes of two adjacent tubes whereby said electron tubes may be operated at a proper point on the characteristic curves thereof.

15. In a radio receiving apparatus, the combination of a plurality of electron tubes. each having a cathode, anode and grid. a series circuit including said cathodes; and a resistance, a source of alternating as well as direct current, means for obtaining smooth uni-directional current and applying that current across said series circuit, and connections from said anodes to points alongsaid resistance and connections from]l grid returns to oints along the series of cathodes` whereby dierent potentials can be applied to said anodes and grids for operating said tubes at the proper points on the characteristic curves thereof independently of the character of said source.

16. A radio receiving apparatus for universal operation on direct as well as alternating current comprising in combination a iplurality of electron tubes each having grid, lament and plate electrodes, input and output circuits interconnecting said electrodes, with the output circuit of one of said tubes coupledwith the input circuit of a succeedin electron tube, a source of currentchemi ca means for obtaining uni-directional current from said source, a circuit connected -with said chemical means for smoothing out circuits independently of the character ot said power supply system.

18. A radio receiving apparatus arranged to operate universally from a directas well as an alternating current power supply comprising an electron tube amplification system, anode and cathode circuits for said electron tube amplification system, and a power supply system having input and output circuits with the output circuit thereof connected with said anode and cathode circuits and the input circuit thereof connected to said power supply for supplying uni-directional current to said anode and cathode circuits.

19. A radio receiving apparatus arranged to operate universally from a direct as well as an alternating current power supply comprising an electron tube amplification system, anode and cathode circuits for said electron tube amplification system, and a power supply system comprising a plurality of sets ot electrolytic cells with connections between, said sets to an output circuit and connections to said sets from an input circuit, said output circuit being connected to said anode and cathode circuits and'said input circuit being connected to said power supply.

20.' A radio receiving apparatus arranged to operate universally from a direct as well as an alternating current power sup ly comprising an electron tube amplifica ion system, anode and cathode circuits for Said electron tube amplification system, and a power l an input circuit with connections between said pairs to an output circuit, said output circuit being connected to said cathode and anode circuits and said input circuit being connected to said power supply.

21. A radio receiving apparatus arranged to operate universally from a direct as well as an alternating current power supply comprising an electron. tube amplification system, anode and cathode circuits for said electron tube amplificationl system, and a power supply system, comprising separate branch circuits each including a pair of electrolytic devices connected in series with each branch circuit disposed in parallel and connected to said power supply and connections between individual electrolytic devices with said anode and cathode circuits for supplying uni-directional current thereto.

22. A radio receiving apparatus arranged to operate universally from a direct as well as 'an alternating current power supply comprlsing an electron tube amplification system, anode and cathode circuits for said electron tube amplification system and apower supply system, comprising a pair of branch circuits each including two electrolytic cells in series, with the branch circuits arranged in parallel, and connected with said power supply, a condenser shunted bet-Ween individual electrolyticcells in each branch circuit and connections across said condenser for supplying uni-directional current to said anode and cathode circuits.

23. A` radio receiving apparatus arranged to operate universally f rom a ydirect as well as an alternating current power supply comprising an electron tube amplification system, anode and cathode circuits or said electron tube amplification system and a power supply system comprising a pair o-series and parallel paths interposed between said power supply aid said anode and cathode circuits, whereby uni-directional currents are supplied to said circuits through one of said series paths when a direct current is supplied at said source and through two of said series paths when an alternating current is supplied at-s'aid source.

In testimony whereof I afix my signature.

MARCEL WALLACE.

DISCLAIMER 1,627,758. Marcel Wallace, New York, N Y. RADIO RECEIVING APPARATUS.

Patent dated May 10, 1927. Dlsclalmer filed May 27, 1933, by the patentee.

Therefore, enters this disclaimer to claims 2, 4, 11, l5, and 18 in said specification vwhich are in the following words:

2. Radio receiving apparatus comprising in combination a plurality of electron tubes, one of said tubes being arranged to operate as amplifiers, cathodes, anodes and grid electrodes for said tubes, power supply means for said electron tubes, a power distribution circuit-.connected across said power supply means, means for obtaining uni-directional current from said power supply means independently of lthe character of said power supply means and connections between said cathodes and anodes with points in said power distribution circuit for deriving operating potential for said electron tubes.

4. Radio receiving apparatus comprising in combination, a plurality of electron tubes each having a cathode, an anode and a grid, an input circuit'for each of said tubes including the cathode and grid of each tube, an output circuit for each tube including the anode and cathode thereof, with the output circuit of one of said tubes interlinked, with the input circuit of a succeeding tube, a power supply system for said electron tubes, means for obtaining uni-directional current from said power suppl system, connections with said means includinga power distribution circuit constltuted in part by said cathodes, and connections from points in said power distribution circuit to each of said anodes and grids for operating said tubes at a proper working potential, said circuits operating from direct as well as an alternating current source.

11. In a radio receiving apparatus for universal operation on direct as well as alternating current power supply the combination of a plurality of electron tubes each having a cathode, an anode, and a grid, of a series circuit including said cathodes and a resistance, a power supply circuit adapted to be connected to a source of alternating as well as direct current for supplying uni-directional current to said series circuit, means interposed between said power supply circuit and said series circuit for smoothing out the unidirectional current delivered to said series circuit, and means connected to various points along said resistance for deriving direct current potential for each of said anodes and grids, whereby said electron tubes may be operated at a proper poini on, the characteristic curves thereof independently of the character of said power su y.

iJIi. In a radio receiving apparatus, the combination of a plurality of electron tubes each having a cathode, anode and grid, a series circuit including said cathodes, and a resistance, a source of alternating as well as direct current, means for obtaining smooth uni-directional current and applying that current across said series circuit, and connections from said anodes to points along said resistance and connections from grid returns to points along the series of cathodes, whereby different potentials can be applied to said anodes and grids for operating said tubes at the proper points on the characteristic curves thereof independently of the character of said source.

18. A radio receiving apparatus arranged to operate universally from a direct as well as an alternating currentpower supply comprising an electron tube amplification system, anode and cathode circuits for said electron tube amplification system, and a power supply system having input and output circuits with the output circuit thereof Y connected with said anode and cathode circuits and the input circuitl thereof connected to said power supply for supplying uni-directional currentto said anode and cathode circuits. v

[Oficial Gazette June 27, 1.933.] 

